Monday, December 4, 2017

貫休 (832-912) 的禪詩

貫休

I found I like his poetry...
As I can see from his eyes.

Fisherman

Wind cruel, waves wild,
but his body is at ease;
Head covered in frost and snow,
his back to green mountains.

We meet, and I ask, "Where is your home?"

He turns and points to cottages
among the flowering reeds.

漁者

風惡波狂身似閒
滿頭霜雪背青山
相逢略問家何在
回指蘆花滿舍間

(Clouds Thick, Whereabouts Unknown: Poems by Zen Monks of China, page 89
Columbia University PressMay 28, 2010)

A nice poem to think about while plying the qin melody Fisherman Song.

滿頭霜雪背青山 <-- 或許是指滿頭白髮但身形卻依舊如青山健朗?

"Head covered in frost and snow,
his back to green mountains."

Perhaps means his white hair yet a strong body from looking at his back?


Meeting An Old Monk In Deep Mountains

A cassock of coarse threads
a mind of moonlike kind;
a short mattock in his hand
to hew the sticks he finds.
by dark stones on the streamside
over fallen leaves he goes;
a few wisps of cloud
trail two brows of snow.

深山逢老僧

衲衣線粗心似月
自把短鋤鋤榾柮
青石溪邊踏葉行
數片雲隨兩眉雪

(Clouds Thick, Whereabouts Unknown: Poems by Zen Monks of China, page 90
Columbia University PressMay 28, 2010)



榾  ㄍㄨˋ
〔~柮(duò)〕斷木頭

Night Rain

The night rain soaks grass on the hill,
Where fresh wind blows in dead trees.
Slowly I chant an Indian sage's prayer --
Purer than jade, its clarity.

夜雨
夜雨山草溼 爽籟雜枯木
閒吟笁仙偈(ji4) 清絕過于玉
(page 93)

Wednesday, November 22, 2017

憨山德清




photo resource: https://twitter.com/James_A_Benn/status/932693626953625601

Flowers in a mirror and the moon's reflection in water 鏡花水月, Chinese Zen Buddhism philosophy. My understanding is that Don't chase those which cannot be grab in hand and will eventually disappear, such as love, money, fame, material, but keep a pure and broad mind as the moon shining in dark.



憨山德清「解脫」書寫中的禪觀與意境 ─以《夢遊集》為中心http://bec001.web.ncku.edu.tw/ezfiles/335/1335/img/1592/4304.pdf

記下個人認為的重點句:

憨山認為 "靈明朗澈、廣大虛寂之心為宇宙萬物審美之源"

憨山認為,真正的文章,應是作者體悟心性本源、了達宇宙全景的表達,〈示陳 生資甫〉云:「文者,心之章也。學者不達心體,強以陳言逗湊,是可為文乎?須向 自己胸中流出,方始蓋天蓋地」 ,此心體之體驗,乃是「以我自心,元是般若光 明,本來無物」 、「了悟當人心體本來光明廣大,包含無外,彌滿清淨,聖凡不立, 不為身心世界之所拘礙」

李杏邨言...。直覺直感,現代美學 家稱為形象的直覺或創作性的直覺,孤立絕緣,不沾不滯,遠離是非恩怨、情牽物 累,不受自我意識的干擾和功利主義的支配。這是一種純經驗境界,覺明虛靜,意 念不起,應事接物,如鏡中觀相,洞然明白,無礙自在」又吳言生言:「現量境 是原真的、即時呈顯的、未經邏輯理性干預的境界,不可用比量來推測揣度。現量 境具有一切現成的禪悟特質,它要求觀照者在觀照對象為受理念涉入時用直覺方法 去接受、感應、呈示對象,儘量消除由『我』造成的類分和解說,充分地肯定事物 原樣的自足。」

憨山在「解脫」主題之詩歌、散文的創作上的表達,大多是「即境界即工夫」的,也就是說,當其以禪悟體驗直抒其形象直覺的意境,往往在書寫酣暢淋漓的解脫境界同時,亦點明了其心如何達至此解脫的「禪觀工夫」;就實踐角度而言,謂其「即工夫即境界」;就文學創作角度而言,則謂其「即禪觀即意境」;這種獨特的詩文創作運思方式,乃是透過精神生命的解脫,對自心風光與森羅萬象作直觀的意象書寫;從「工夫」到「境界」是一貫的,從「禪觀」到「意境」也是一貫的。

一切「如寒空鳥跡,秋水魚蹤」,是不能執以為實的<-- 鏡花水月

妄念不止苦無涯,妄境不空業如海... 念頭「無生」
妄念: improper thought

[六根銘]云:是故世人,雖生不生;若能返觀,各得精真。精真若復,六根無物;似雲浮空,如響出谷。不被形拘,不為心礙;逈出情塵,超然自在。
逈(jong3) : distant, far; separated; different.

「起而無起」的覺念工夫,即是當下斷除所有愛憎、物我、美醜、貴賤等二元分別,契入平等無二心境,超越世間所有苦樂經驗,而得到安住真性

物我如空不可求,無邊大海一浮漚。但看起處無蹤跡,苦樂從教當下休。一切愛憎,皆由我障;我障若空,光明無量。逐境心生,隨情動念;心境兩忘,物我無辨。物無妍醜,由我是非;我心不起,彼物何為。動靜等觀,貴賤一視;凡聖齊平,名不思議。(〈我箴〉,《夢遊集》卷 36,《卍續藏》73 冊,頁 727C)

片雲浮太虛,倏忽遍大地。試看未生前,清淨無纖翳。萬境本寂然,因心有起滅。一念若不生,動靜何處覓。(《夢遊集》卷 49,《卍續藏》73 冊,頁 801A)
翳: hide, shade.

市聲喧闃奔萬馬,日夜不休何為者?耳根寂滅心不生,看來盡是空中假。妻子對面如化人,返觀亦似鏡中身。終朝相見不相識,兩眼何處容纖塵。
對於妻兒子女的「終朝相見不相識」並非指對眷屬的漠然無感,而是指觀其如幻化之影,沒有執其為實有的粘執,因而喪失了貪著、解除了厭惡;「兩眼何處容纖塵」是指安處於自性光明中,不被前念所束縛,亦不被後念所牽引,因而胸中有了無限寬廣的空間。如此的眷屬關係,是能刻刻享受當下新鮮的相處經驗,而對聚散變化的關係都能如賞春花冬雪,翛然往來於其中;這樣的眷屬觀,能成為佛教觀點下的「幻化之愛」、「保久之愛」。

《老子》第七章:「天長地久。天地所以能長且久者,以其不自生,故能長生。是以聖人后其身而身先,外其身而身存。非以其無私邪?故能成其私。」是道家論「天長地久」之愛的重要觀點。若能比較道家、佛家(特別是大乘佛教)對於眷屬之愛、或人際關係如何創造雋永之愛的理論觀點的共與別,必能啟益人心。

其實所濟度並非外在的眾生,而是自心的念頭. 心、佛、眾生三無差別

This study of Hanshan makes me think of playing the qin to the state of presenting its artistic conception.

1, Study all the techniques and related philosophies and knowledge.

2, Practicing. (finger techniques and concentration mind)

3, Concentrate on the playing and maintain inner self as pure as possible without self judgmental and improper thoughts. (It is what it is, no attachment)

從讀"憨山德清「解脫」書寫中的禪觀與意境 ─以《夢遊集》為中心"
聯想達到琴境的過程:
1, 研讀琴指法與相關哲學,美學等知識
2, 勤練(指法與專一之心)
3, 屏除執著與不適當之思想(無喜無憂)


Master Han-shan's Dream Roamings:

https://web.archive.org/web/20140610152954/http://ftp.budaedu.org/ebooks/pdf/EN101.pdf

Without Non-Emptiness to contrast with Emptiness, Emptiness itself is unattainable [does not exist].
參話頭就是要讓你認識自己的原始面貌


Tuesday, May 30, 2017

我父親的文: 人生的轉捩點 (in Chinese and English)


刊於傳記文學第660期 2017年5月 人生的轉捩點/張朋園口述‧何邦立記錄整理

人生的轉捩點

張朋園

1937年中日戰爭爆發之後,中國陷於苦戰,軍中的醫藥衛生簡陋,甚至於談不上設備,一批在北京協和醫學院的英美派醫生,在林可勝教授登高一呼領導下,投入紅十字會的軍中救護工作,在愛國熱情的支持下,組織了紅會救護總隊,前往戰地前線支援救護。當時軍中缺少醫護人員,人手不足,工作難於推動,因此林可勝決計從訓練醫護人員著手,一面訓練,一面投入救護工作,戰時軍用衛生人員訓練所的成立,就是為了改善軍中醫療衛生、救死扶傷而來的。

1943年的夏天,當時我17歲,在貴陽私立正誼初中念了一年半後,去商場作學徒,17歲已經不小了,我自己心裡在盤算,未來應該怎麼求變,就這樣一輩子下去嗎 ? 寧願做一個小商人,那不是我想要的,我要改變,要有所突破。 註1

我在報紙上看到一則廣告,軍政部戰時軍用衛生人員訓練所「高級護理職業班」的招生簡章中寫道 ,只要初中畢業或同等學歷,都可以投考,免學費、管吃住、還有書讀,何樂而不為。四年期間除軍事教育外,要補修高中課程,國文、英文、數理化等,而後正式接受護理職業訓練,包括一年的醫院實習。後來才知道林可勝他們的苦心所在,降低入學資格是不得已的,中國在二十世紀上半,一切落後,教育極不普遍,抗戰時期動盪流離情況更壞。依照醫學院的標準根本不可能找到高中畢業生,不得已只有降低為初中畢業。我很高興可以同等學歷投考,而且一考就被錄取了,這是我人生的第一個轉戾點。

我的貴陽同鄉好友,吳奭 註2 長我兩歲,我們的學歷背景相同,也在商場作學徒,他晚一個月也看到招生廣告,但這次是召軍醫班。入學標準與護理班完全一樣,但給予九年的分期教育,在校兩年,分發軍醫院工作一年,如似者三個階段的養成教育,成為一個合格的醫生 。這是一批英美派醫生,投入軍醫事業的大計劃,他們有志振興軍中醫事專業,強化中國陸海空三軍人員的健康,要人人健康強壯,建國先健軍,才能擔負捍衛國家的大業。我們前後差一個月、分別被學校錄取,相同的背景,一醫一護路線不一,命運已決定一切,半點不由人。

戰時軍用衛生人員訓練所,坐落在貴州省貴陽市郊外的圖雲關(見手繪圖),與中國紅十字會救
護總隊部為鄰,陸軍總醫院也是在圖雲關,正好與訓練所的教學相配合,學校在山漥中,是
為了避開日本人的轟炸。學校的設備都是美式的。林可勝、周美玉等在美國進行募捐,美國
人之同情中國抗戰者,組有醫藥援華會,他們捐助醫藥器材、顯微鏡等,是抗戰時期設備完
備的的醫療訓練機構。

入校之初,先接受三個月軍訓,由黃埔教官負責基本軍事訓練。我們學生大隊住在山丘上,兵營為上下大通鋪。沒水,每天要步行半小時,到白沙灣取水,挑半桶回來。當時冬天無棉襖穿,夏天棉襖才到補穿上,冬薄夏厚,穿得怪裡怪氣。當時環境衛生差,大家長蝨子,每兩個月去滅蝨站、進行滅蝨一次,衣服拿去煮曬消毒。至於大隊長楊铮等軍官辦伙食,由4 菜 1 湯,逐漸減為3 菜2 菜1 菜到沒菜,扣糧、偷斤兩、貪腐,給人惡劣形象。等到入伍完畢回校,伙食就大有改善。當時稀飯加牛油(由牛骨熬出的油)、拌鹽加些辣椒就是美味,每三個月加菜一次,抗戰時的生活艱辛,今人難以想像。

談到戰時衛生人員訓練所的師資和設備,這是林可勝號召下一批醫學專家結合的團體,林可勝是英國的醫學博士,是國際知名的生理學家。追隨他的幾乎都是當時醫學界的頂尖精英。盧致德是他的副手,是醫學博士,是一位具有行政能力的人物。張先林是外科專家,全中國都知道他是外科聖手。周壽愷專精內科,海內外知名。柳安昌是生理學家,是教務主任。林紹文是醫學系主任,是生物學家。周美玉是護理學系主任,美國留學。以上不過略舉各科系主任為例,他們大多是英美留學歸來,在協和醫學院已有多年的教學經驗。

對師長們的印象,至今仍然深刻。盧致德所長永遠穿著軍服,長筒馬靴好神氣。周美玉主任不穿軍服,穿的是旗袍,時30多歲,還是姑娘家、大小姐打扮。林紹文主任是好老師,很會講課,夫人江耀群燕京畢業,英文老師。我們醫護兩班併科上課,教我們唱英文兒歌,打下大家的英文基礎。柳安昌是教務主任,上課不生動,還記得有次同學沒穿鞋,大家赤著腳入教室,向他要鞋子(義肢工廠作的牛皮鞋,很精緻) ; 只見他抬起腿,出示有如魚嘴張口的鞋底,同學們頓時無地自容,好不慚愧。劉永楙衛生工程專長,當時是義肢工廠廠長,他左手手指殘缺遭截指。北京協和是有男護士的,我們護理系也有男老師,只是名字記不得了。我們沒上過張先林的課。在衛訓所沒看到林可勝,他已離校赴滇緬遠征去了。

1944年底日軍一支一度侵入黔南,攻佔獨山,逼近都勻,圖雲關受到威脅,學校將醫護學生先撤重慶,那是十二月份天,冰寒地凍,走了兩天,還沒有過烏江,聽到日本人已退,才再返校。記得當時要離校時,每人分得維他命B一罐(免得留下資敵),護理科長周美玉跟我們大家講話 : 「此去不知是否還有機會再見面,但要記住一句話,我們永遠是中國人。」這句生離死別訓勉的話,七十餘年後記憶猶新。我與護理科也因此產生深厚的感情。

1945年8月,日本投降戰爭結束。次夏,軍醫教育體系的復元計畫,衛訓所將學生從貴陽遷渉到上海,六人一部救護車,總數有50輛,浩浩蕩蕩,每天開一、二十里 (因為只要有一部車拋錨,要等修復後,大家一起上路),從貴陽先經過湖南、轉入江西贛南、再到浙江烏義、經過杭州、前後56天才到達上海江灣。在上海,繼續我們最後一年的學業。 1947年秋,我們第一屆高級護理職業班13人畢業,我留在護理系任助教。

1947年6月,戰時衛生人員訓練所與軍醫學校合併,改名國防醫學院於上海江灣,軍醫署署長林可勝兼院長。國防醫學院成為中國知名的醫學中心。由於國防醫學院是標準的醫科大學,原先的教育課程跟著轉變,這時候才正式招收高中畢業生。一直到上海我才第一次看到林可勝先生。

英美派的戰時衛生人員訓練所與德日派的軍醫學校合併,過程並不平順,由於軍醫學校自認正統,歷史悠久,為衛訓所所凌越,林可勝是華僑,中文有障礙,當時軍醫學校的學生反對非常激烈,鬧學潮,校園貼海報反林,尤憶一則海報寫道 : 「 Foreigner drink coffee, We Chinese take tea.」,鬧得不可開交。驚動了參謀總長陳誠,來校召集學生訓話,凡犯校規者
一律開除,事始平息。 註3

1948年11月時局突變,國防醫學院接到上級命令遷廣州,未幾,又收命令直接赴台,我是1949年 2月第一梯次乘安達輪抵水源地院區。此時我已是中尉軍官,1950年更以第一名通過國家衛生行政高等考試,升任上尉。但在當時軍中苦悶的氛圍下,早想離開軍旅再去讀書,遂於1952年考入省立師範學院史地系(四五級),合法的退伍。脫下了一身老虎皮,後來又念了研究所,因緣際會,從事史學研究,這是我人生的第二個轉戾點。

謹以此文,紀念林可勝先生120歲誕辰、與國防醫學院護理學系創系70周年紀念。

( 張朋園先生口述歷史於中研院近史所,2017.01.04,何邦立整理 )



註 1 : 張朋園先生是1926年生於「天無三日晴、地無三里平、人無三分銀」的貴州省貴陽市。曾就讀私立正誼小學、正誼中學,後因抗戰軍興的背景下,投身軍旅,進入衛勤單位,並於1949年隨軍遷台。服務軍旅九年後,再拿起書本,終成為著名的近代史學者。張氏於1993年在中研院近史所完成老師 (( 周美玉先生訪問紀錄 )),除為抗戰時衛生人員訓練所、國防醫學院的成立與遷台、林可勝先生等留下歷史紀錄外。也留下半世紀師生情緣的佳話。

註2 : 吳奭(1924-1999)醫師,為張朋園先生的同鄉、同袍及摯友,張氏在念師範、師大階段,不時地送錢資助並予鼓勵,當張取得碩士學位時(1960年庚子)曾刻一方石印相贈以為
誌賀,此印至今仍為張所常用。吳奭為骨科大夫,專精痲瘋病診治,貢獻良多。

註3 : 軍醫學校學生鬧學潮,始於1934年軍醫署長劉瑞恆在南京軍醫學校兼任校長時,將教育體制由德日制改為英美制,所有教職員盡行撤職,毅然停課兩週,併罰學生代表八人禁閉一週於陸軍官校,以俟學潮平息,大刀闊斧之姿積極進行改革。因抗日戰爭,1937年軍醫學校(英美制)遷抵廣州後,遂與廣東軍醫學校(德日制)合併上課,再次因教學用語而引起小規模之罷課。張建教育長將軍醫學校繼續西遷至桂林、安頓於安順,仍採德日制教育體制。1947年林可勝將兩校合併於上海,醫學教育體制以衛訓所為主體,新成立的國防醫學院採英美制,唯各畢業班次、及校慶仍沿用原軍醫學校的11月24日。



附錄 : 國防醫學院 第一屆高級護理職業班 (1943.07 - 1947.09) 畢業同學 13人。

Appendix : National Defense Medical Center, the first class of the senior nursing profession (1943.07 - 1947.09) 13 graduates.

龍 垿 (Xu Long)、

趙馨輝 (Xing-hui Chao)、 三軍總醫院副院長、神經外科主任鄒傳凱醫師夫人。
The wife of former vice president of Tri-Service Generral Hospital and director of neurosurgery, Chuang-kai Zo.

張朋園(Peng-yuan Chang)、 中央研究院近史所研究員 ,師大歷史系教授、主任、研究所所長。 
Researcher of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. Former professor and chairman of Department of History of National Taiwan Normal University. Former chairman of Graduate Institute of History of National Taiwan Normal University.

劉 錚 (Zheng Liu)、
伍文彬 (Wen-bing Wu)、
李容珍 (Rong-zheng Li)、
吳祖坤 (Zu-kun Wu)、

丁照寰 (Zhao-huan Din)、 2012卒於新竹,享年94。
Age 94, died in 2012 at Xinchu, Taiwan.

楊岑福 (Cen-fu Yang)、 復健醫學醫師,著有物理復健學(1975)、物理治療學(1986)。年78、歿於加拿大。
Rehabilitation physician. Published Physical Rehabilitation in 1975, Physical Therapy in 1986. Age 78, died in Canada.

李登發 (Deng-fa Li)、 年50餘、歿於台灣。
Age 50 something, died in Taiwan.

黃 覺 (Jue Huang)、

劉 俊 (Jun Liu)、 1957回校任教精神科護理,為美軍顧問團、及民間開精神科護理進修班。
In 1957, back to school to teach psychiatric nursing.  Opened classes of further studies of psychiatric nursing for Military Assistance Advisory Group and for non-government.

劉海音(Hai-yin Liu)。

.
張朋園先生手繪貴陽圖雲關戰時衛生人員訓練所 (1943-1946) 于台北中央研究院近史所

The war time medical training center (1943-1946) at Tu Yun Pass, Guiyang, Guizho province,  sketched by Peng-yuan Chang at Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei.


救護總隊著名骨科醫生屠開元先生之女屠月弦女士提供

Tu Yun Pass full view. Picture provided by Miss Yue-xian Tu, the daughter of  the famous Ambulance Corps orthopedic surgeon Kuan-yuan Tu.



高級護理職業訓練班四年制第一期同學合影於上海江灣院區1947. (  該班招生入校於貴陽圖雲關軍政部戰時軍用衛生人員訓練所1943  )

The classmates of the 4-year Senior Health Personnel Training Class, First graduates, had this photo taken at Shanghai River Bay area in 1947. (This class was recruited in 1943 at Guiyang Tu Yun Pass Military War Time Health Personnel Training Center)
陸軍軍護學校於1943年由林可勝的學生北京協和醫學院護士長周美玉創立。學生召自華東華西各省,此為一、二期同學合影。三排左二為著名中國近代史學家張朋園教授。
The Army Medical College in 1943 established by Mei-yu Chou, who was a student of Robert Kho-Seng Kim and the director of Nursing at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Students were recruited from provinces of east and west China. This photo is the group of the first and second graduating classes.  Second from the left in the back row is the well known Modern Chinese Historian, Prof. Peng-yuan Chang. 


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



My father 父親, my mother母親 and Mr. Bangli Ho 何邦立.

My translation of my father's memories of his life : Father's oral, Mr. Ho Bangli's records. This article was publishing at the [Taiwan Biography literature] 660 edition in 2017 May.

The Turning Points of (My) Life

Peng-yuan Chang

After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, China was caught up in a terrible battle. The military hygienic condition was simple and crude, to say nothing about the equipment. Under the leadership and a clarion call from professor Lin Ke-sheng (Robert Kho-Seng Kim),  a group of doctors of the US-UK Sector in the Peking Union Medical Hospital, joined the Red Cross military rescue work. With the support of patriotic passion, they organized the Red Army ambulance corps and went to the front to support ambulances.  At that time, work was hard to push forward due to a lack of medical staff in the military. Robert Kho-Seng Kim decided to proceed with training medical staff, at the same time with the work of medical treatment and rescue. The purpose of establishing the wartime military health personnel training center was to improve the military hygienic condition and to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.

In the summer of 1943, when I was 17 years old, one and half years after studying at the Guiyang province, Zheng Yi private junior high school, I went to a market to work as an apprentice. The age of 17 was not considered young at that time. In my mind, I was planing how to change my future. Do I want to be like this for my whole life? Do I want to be a small business man? That is not what I want. I want to change, to have a breakthrough. (Note 1)

I read an advertisement in the newspaper, from the enrollment brochure of the military department of the wartime military health personnel training center for "senior nursing career classes." It was written that as long as one had a junior high school graduation or equivalent education, one could take the exam, free tuition, provided food and accommodation, also there were books to read, why not go for it. In addition to the four years of military education, one had to retake the high school curriculum, Mandarin, English, Math, Physics and Chemistry, and then formally receive the vocational nursing training, including one year of hospital internship. Later I understood the purpose of the trouble taken of Robert Kho-Seng Kim and others, that they had no alternative but to reduce the eligibility of admission.   In the first half of the twentieth century, China was all far behind. Education was not popularized. It was even worse during the turmoil of war. According to the standard of medical schools, there was simply no way to find senior high school graduates. So they had to lower the standard to junior high school graduates. I was very pleased that I was able to apply for the same degree of education, and was admitted after having one exam. This is the first turning point of my life.

My Guiyang fellow friend, Wu Shi (note 2) was two years older than me. We have the same academic background, and he also had been an apprentice in the market. He also saw the advertisement in the newspaper of the enrollment brochure one month later than me. But this time it was calling for military doctor classes. The admission criteria was the same as the nursing classes, but giving 9 years of education by stages. Two years in school, distributed to hospital work for one year, by such for three stages of education achievement to become a qualified doctor. These were a group of doctors of the UK-US sector who were involved with the great plan of military medical career. They were devoted to revitalizing the military medical profession, to strengthen the health of the Chinese military men of the air force, army and navy. They wanted everyone to be healthy and strong.  Before establishing a country one must establish the military, so they can take on the great cause of defending the country. We were accepted by the school with one month difference. Same education background, yet one for doctor training, one for nursing training, different path, our fate has been designated since then, nothing can be changed by ourselves.

The wartime military health personnel training center was located at Tu Yun Pass (see the hand sketch) in the outskirts of Guiyang city, Guizhou province, next to the Chinese Red Cross Ambulance Corps. The Army General Hospital was also located at Tu Yun Pass, coinciding with the teaching of the training center. The school was at a hollow surrounded by mountains to avoid Japanese bombing. All the equipment in the school was American style. Robert Kho-Seng Kim, Mei-yu Chou and others were fund-raising in the United States. Americans sympathized with the Chinese who resisted against Japan in the war. They organized medical organizations to support China. They donated medical equipment, microscopes, etc., The training center became a well-equipped medical training institution during the war period.

At the beginning of school education, there were three months of basic military training by the instructors from the Republic of China Military Academy. The student brigade was staying on the hills, sleeping on a wide bed for a number of people with upper and lower levels in the barracks. No water, everyday we walked half an hour to White Sand Bay to take a half barrel of water back. At that time there were no cotton padded coats to wear in the winter time, until summer we received the cotton padded coats. Thin in the winter, thick in the summer, we dressed strangely. The sanitation was poor then, everyone had lice, every two months we went to the lice elimination station to kill lice for one time. Clothing were cooked in boiling water and sun dried to sterilize. As for the captain Zheng Yang and other officers who were taking care of food, they reduced the quantity of food from 4 dishes 1 soup to 3 dishes, to 2 dishes, to 1 dish, and to no dishes. There was corruption such as deducting grain, stealing weight, etc. giving people a bad image. After finishing the military training and going back to school, the food was greatly improved. At that time, porridge plus butter (oil from boiled cattle bones), plus salt and some hot pepper was considered very delicious. There was an additional dish once every three months. The hardships of life during war was hard to imagine by people now. 

Speaking of the teachers and equipment of the training center, which were a team of medical experts summoned by Robert Kho-Seng Kim. Robert Kho-Seng Kim was the British doctor of medicine, an internationally renowned physiologist. Those who followed him were the top elite of the medical profession at that time. Chih-Teh Loo (1901-1979) was his deputy, a doctor of medicine, a person with administrative talent. Xian-lin Chang (1902-1969) was a surgical expert, who was well known by all Chinese because he had magical hands for surgery. Shoukai Chou (1906-1970) specialized in internal medicine, well known at home and abroad. An-chang Liu (1897-1971) was a physiologist, and the academic director. Shao-wen Lin (1907-1990) was the director of the department of medicine, a biologist. Mei-yu Chou (1909-2001) was the director of the department of nursing. She studied in the US. Above are merely few examples of the directors of different departments. Most of them returned from studying abroad and had many years of teaching experience at the Union Medical College. 

The images of the teachers are still fresh in my mind even until now. Director Chih-Teh Loo was always wearing a military uniform, long boots looking very handsome. Director Mei-yu Chou did not wear a military uniform but rather a chi-pao (traditional Chinese robe). She was about the age of 30 something, still single, dressed like a mature young lady. Director Shao-wen Lin was a great teacher. He taught his classes well. His wife, Yao-chun Jiang, who graduated from Yenching University, was an English teacher. Our classes of medical and nurse were combined, and she taught us children's songs of English that established our foundation of English. An-chang Liu was the educational administration director, who's teaching was not lively. I remember one time students were not wearing shoes, we all entered the classroom barefoot and asked him for shoes (the prosthetic factory was making leather shoes which looked exquisite); and we saw him just simply lift his leg and showed the soles of his shoes, as the open mouth of a fish. Students suddenly felt so ashamed, too ashamed to show our faces. Yong-mao Liu specialized in health engineering, and was the director of the prosthetic factory. His left fingers were cut off. The Peking Union Medical College Hospital had male nurses. Our department of nursing had male teachers as well, but I cannot remember their names. I did not have lessons with Xian-lin Chang, and did not seen Robert Kho-Seng Kim at the training center, he had left school and gone on expedition to Yun Nan and Burma.

At the end of 1944 one group from the Japanese army once invaded southern Guizhou, captured Du Mountain, approached Duyun, Tu Yun Pass was threatened. The school first evacuated the medical students to Chong-qing. That was during December, icy cold. The walking, after two days, had not passed Wu river yet. There was news heard that the Japanese had retreated. We went back to school. I remember when we were ready to evacuate, everyone got a bottle of vitamin B (in order not to leave it behind to the enemy). The director of the nursing department, Mei-yu Chou talked to everyone: "I do not know if we will have a chance to meet again after this evacuation, but you must remember this, we will always be Chinese" This endeavor's farewell talk is still fresh in my mind after more than 70 years. I therefore developed deep feelings for the nursing division.

In August 1945, the Japanese surrendered and the war ended. The next summer, as for the plan to rehabilitate the military medical education system, the training center moved students from Guiyang to Shanghai. Six people in one ambulance, a total 50 cars in a mighty formation. Everyday we drove 10 to 20 kilometers (due to if one car broke down, the rest needed to stop and wait for repairs and then go on the road again together). From Guiyang, passing Hunan, we turned south to Jianxi, and to Wuyi in Zhejiang province, passing Hangzho, it took 56 days to arrive at the Shanghai river bay. In Shanghai, we continued our last year of education. In the autumn of 1947, the first class of the senior nursing profession had 13 graduates. I stayed at the nursing department as an assistant teacher. 

In June 1947, the Wartime Health Personnel Training Center merged with the Army Medical College and was renamed the National Defense Medical Center at Shanghai River Bay. Robert Kho-Seng Kim was the director of the Army Medical bureau and the Dean of the Medical Center. The National Defense Medical Center became a well known medical center in China. As a result of the National Defense Medical Center becoming a standard medical university, the original education curriculum had to change. Since then, they formally recruited high school graduates. When in Shanghai, I saw Mr. Robert Kho-Seng Kim my first time.


The merge process of the UK-US sector Wartime Health Personnel Training Center and the Germany-Japan sector Army Medical College was not smooth. This was due to the Army Medical College's self Identity as an orthodox college, with a long history, but lorded over by the Health Personnel Training Center. Robert Kho-Seng Kim, who was overseas Chinese, had obstacles with the Chinese language. The students of the Army Medical College were against him very intensely then, causing campus upheaval, and putting posters against Kim. I remember a poster saying: "Foreigners drink coffee, We Chinese take tea." got into a hot dispute that alerted the chief of the General Staff Headquarters, Cheng Chen, to come to the school and call to admonish the students. Those who broke the school rules would be expelled. This issue then was finally put to rest. (Note 3)

In November 1948, when the country had a sudden change, the National Defense Medical Center received a higher order to move to Guangzhou. Soon, we received another order to go to Taiwan directly. I was in the first group in February of 1949 taking the Anda steamship to the Taiwan water district. At that time I was a lieutenant officer. In 1950 I passed the National Health Administration Advanced Examination with the first grade and promoted to captain. However under the atmosphere of depression in the military at that time, I wanted to leave the military and go to school to study.  In 1952 I passed the exam and entered the Department of History and Geography in the Taiwan Provincial Normal Institute (Fourth and Fifth grade) and legally retired from active military service. I took off the tiger skin and later also studied at graduate school. I stumbled into history research through serendipity. This was my second turning point of life.

I would like to present this memory to commemorate Mr. Robert Kho-Seng Kim's 120th birthday and the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Nursing of the National Defense Medical Center.

(Mr. Pen-yuan Chang's oral history at Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taipei. 2017.01.04,Bang-li Ho arranged.)

----------------------------------------------------
Note 1: Mr. Peng-yuan Chang was born in 1926 at Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, which has been described as "there never were three sunny days in a row, three square feet of level land, or three cents of silver in people's pockets." He studied at the private Zheng Yi primary school and Zheng Yi junior high school. Due to the war of resistance against Japan, he joined the military and entered the military medical center. He followed the military centers move to Taiwan in 1949. After serving in the military for 9 years, he took up books and finally became a famous Chinese modern history scholar. In 1993, Mr. Chang documented an interview of his teacher Dr. Mei-yu Chou at Academia Sinica. This document not only kept the historical records of the military medical training center, the National Defense Medical Center's establishment and move to Taiwan, and the records of Mr. Robert Kho-Seng Kim, but also kept the great story of the relationship between teacher and student which has passed by word of mouth with admiration.

Note 2: Doctor Wu Shi (1924-1999) was from the same village as Mr. Peng-yuan Chang. They were fellow officers and close friends. When Mr. Chang was studying at the Taiwan Provincial Teachers’ College, now the National Taiwan Normal University, Doctor Wu financially and spiritually supported Mr. Chang from time to time. When Mr. Chang received his masters degree in 1960, Doctor Wu gave a jade seal as gift of congratulations. This seal is still used by Mr. Chang. Doctor Wu Shi was an orthopedic doctor, specializing in leprosy diagnosis and treatment with tremendous contribution.

Note 3: The Army Medical College students started a campus upheaval in 1934 when the director of the department of Health, Rui-heng Liu, who was also the president of the Army Medical College in Nanjing, changed the education system from the German-Japan system to the UK-US system, dismissed all the faculty, and resolutely stopped classes for two weeks.  He also placed the 8 student representatives in confinement for a week at the Military Academy.  After waiting for the campus upheaval to quiet down, he made bold decisions to carry out drastic reforms. As a result of the war of resistance against Japan, the Army Medical College (UK-US system) moved to Guangzho and merged classes with the Guangdong Army Medical College (German-Japan system). Again due to the teaching language, this caused a small scale strike.  Jian Chang, the director of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, moved the Guangdong Army Medical College to west to Guilin, settled at Anshun, and continued using the German-Japan education system. In 1947, Robert Kho-Seng Kim merged two schools in Shanghai. The education system was based on the system used in the Health Personnel Training Center. The newly established National Defense Medical Center was using the UK-US educational system, but the graduation numbers and the anniversary of the founding of the school still followed the original Army Medical College's November 24th.   

-----------------------------------------
(Peiyou wrote in 5/31/2017: Now I remember father told me about Doctor Wu many times in Taiwan and while father visited NYC in 2001. Father's trip to NYC was related to taking care of relics of Doctor Wu. I end up inherit one catalog of the guqin (瀟湘快雪漁樵夢) that Doctor Wu once owned and the last page has his melancholy hand writing in red ink.)


------




Tuesday, March 7, 2017

長亭怨慢 A man on discontentment at the Tall Pavilion

 

姜夔自度“中呂宮”曲。其小序云:“予頗喜自製曲,初率意為長短句,然後協以律,故前後闋多不同。桓大司馬(溫)云‘昔年種柳,依依漢南。今看搖落,悽愴江潭。樹猶如此,人何以堪!’此語予深愛之。”

Preface: translated by Mr. Laurence Picken


"I much enjoy making songs myself. First, following the ideas, I make the long and short phrases. Afterwards I unite them with the pitches. In consequence, first and last sections (stanzas) are very different. 


Prefect Huan (312-373) said: "The willows planted in former years at Han-nan were fresh and green. Now I see they are tossed and scattered, sorrowing, in river and lake. If even trees are like this, how shall man bear such a burden?" I very much like these words."




詞牌:長亭怨慢 一名"長亭怨"      
姜夔自度中宮曲 Chung-lu Kung mode
漸吹盡、枝頭香絮。是處人家,綠深門戶。遠浦縈回,暮帆零亂向何許。
閱人多矣,誰得似、長亭樹。樹若有情時,不會得、青青如此。  
日暮。望高城不見,只見亂山無數。韋郎去也,怎忘得、玉環分付。
第一是、早早歸來,怕紅萼、無人為主。算空有并刀,難剪離愁千縷。


Lyrics: translated by Mr. Laurence Picken

Little by little the fragrant fleece of the branches is blown away.
In every place, green shades the doors of people's houses.
Going round and round the distant creeks,
At sunset the sails scatter towards what places?
I have had much experience of the world.
What others could compare with the trees at the Tall ?
If trees were sentient,
They could not flourish like this.
The sun sets. Looking towards the high city wall, I cannot see it.
I see only scattered mountains without number.
Mr. Wei has departed.
How can I forget Jade-ring's commands?
The first is: to return very soon,
Least Red-calyx have no one to be her master.
Truly, even with sharp shears
It is difficult to cut the thousand threads of sadness at separation.


百科百度解說

讀古詩網解說

My practicing https://youtu.be/23iW9ktngAw (with recitation)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbTkcn3yn-s  (原曲出版.香港浸會大學中文系

dbadagna's post (with singing)

角招 jué sháo (Melody in Jue) by Jiang Kui 姜夔

Please click here to listen to my arrangement on the guqin <-- 請點擊聽我彈的古琴

甲寅春,予與俞商卿燕遊西湖,觀梅於孤山之西村,玉雪照映,吹香薄人。已而商卿歸吳興,予獨來,則山橫春煙,新柳被水,遊人容與飛花中,悵然有懷,作此寄人。商卿善歌聲,稍以儒雅緣飾;予每自度曲,吟洞簫,商卿輒歌而和之,極有山林縹渺之思。今予離憂,商卿一行作吏,殆無復此樂矣。

Preface of the poetry: (my translation)

In the spring of year Jiǎ yín (1194)
I accompanied with Shāngqīng Yú (a friend of Jiang Kui who used lived at the town where West Lake is located) to travel to West Lake
to look at plum blossoms at the west village of Gu mountain
Jade-like snow was reflecting
Wind blew out the thin fragrance
Now Shāngqīng has returned to Wuxin,
I came here alone
Mountain covered with spring fog
Fresh willow dipped into water
Tourists blend in with flying flowers
I feel disappointed with the sense of loss.
Therefore composing this to convey my missing of friend
Shāngqīng is good at singing with refined ornamentation
I like to compose songs and to play with bamboo flute
Shāngqīng then sings along,  that was full of the atmosphere of misty forest
However, Shāngqīng left for taking an official job
No more fun like this anymore.

Laurence Picken's translation:
"In the spring of 1194, I travelled with Yu Shang-ch'ing in leisurely fashion to the West Lake. We gazed on the plum-blossom in the western hamlet on Ku-shan: jade-plum and snow illuminating each other, the wafted fragrance all-pervasive. Shang-ch'ing returned to Wu-hsing. I followed after alone. Across the mountains hung spring mist. Fresh willows swept the water. The carefree traveler flew through the flowers.
In a mood of depression I composed this and sent it. Shang-ch'ing was a good singer. His singing was not professional. It is my practice to play all the songs I compose myself on the tung-hsiao (bamboo notched vertical flute). Shang-ch'ing, singing on the spur of the moment, joined in. It really had the feeling of mountain and forest swathed in mist. Now I know the grief of separation; Shang-ch'ing has gone to be an official. I fear this pleasure will not come again."


為春瘦,何堪更、繞西湖盡是垂柳。自看煙外岫,記得與君,湖上攜手。君歸未久,早亂落香紅千畝。一葉凌波縹緲,過三十六離宮,遣遊人回首。猶有,畫船障袖,青樓倚扇,相映人爭秀。翠翹光欲溜,愛著宮黃,而今時候。傷春似舊,盪一點、春心如酒。寫入吳絲自奏。問誰識、曲中心,花前友。

Lyrics: translated by Mr. Laurence Picken
(resource http://www.silkqin.com/05poet/jkrefmat/jkci13jstt.jpg)

Because of the spring I am worn thin.
How can I bear again to go round the West Lake where everywhere are weeping willows?
From gazing at the peak beyond the mist.
You went back not long ago.
A thousand acres of fragrant red have fallen early.
A leaf-life boat crosses wavy mistiness,
Traversing the Thirty-six Imperial Lodges, causing the traveller to turn his head.
Still there are on pleasure-boats those who screen themselves behind sleeves,
Green towers where, with fans athwart, each shines on the other, striving in loveliness.
Bright kingfisher-tail diadems gleam.
With care they apply the Palace Yellow paint. But at the present season,
Wounding spring is like the past.
My unsettled spring-heart is like wine.
Writing for the silk of Wu, I play to myself,
Asking: Who can explain the intention of this song? The friend with me in the presence of the flowers?

3/7/2017
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
文章來源 http://sou-yun.com/Query.aspx?type=poem&id=178864

此詞前有小序云:“甲寅春,予與俞商卿燕遊西湖,觀梅於孤山之西村,玉雪照映,吹香薄人。已而商卿歸吳興,予獨來,則山橫春煙,新柳被水,遊人容與飛花中,悵然有懷,作此寄人。商卿善歌聲,稍以儒雅緣飾;予每自度曲,吟洞簫,商卿輒歌而和之,極有山林縹渺之思。今予離憂,商卿一行作吏,殆無復此樂矣。”甲寅是宋光宗紹熙五年(1194)。俞商卿,俞灝字商卿,姜夔的朋友,世居杭州。紹熙五年春天,作者至杭州,曾與俞灝共賞孤山西村(又名西泠橋)的梅花,不久俞灝歸吳興(今浙江湖州),作者獨遊孤山,對景懷人,寫了這首詞,對景抒懷顯示出深刻的友誼。
開端點明地點與時節,在敘事中藉景抒情。美好的春光能給人帶來歡樂 ,但也容易觸動離人的愁思,縈損柔腸,使人消瘦,但作者是寫離愁,因而在取景時,著眼點是西湖垂柳。古代有折柳贈別的習俗,看到垂柳,很快牽動詩人的聯想與感慨。開端擒題,“何堪”一詞,用在“春瘦”與“垂柳”之間,使意思遞進一層。為什麼西湖垂柳能這樣撩撥人的愁思?因為那是與友人“湖上攜手”之處。煙外峰巒,雖別具風姿,然而如今“ 自看 ”獨遊,就不能不緬懷昔日的“湖上攜手”。借傷春以懷友 ,因懷友而傷春;二者交融,不分際涯。由“湖上攜手”接著想到對方“歸後”的蕭瑟風情,於是集中筆力來加以烘染刻畫。 “早亂落香紅千畝”,是寫花兼點時序 。香紅是突出梅花之紅之香兩個特點,所以代指梅花。商卿離去,獨來西湖,時已暮春,那“玉雪照映,吹香薄人”的千畝紅梅,如今早已凋敗零落 ,怎能不令人低迴傷神呢?
既然紅梅已不復存在,那舊遊的踪跡又在何處? “一葉凌波縹緲 ,過三十六離宮,遣遊人回首。”是寫遊船兼寫情思 。獨自登船賞春遊湖,蕩漾於菸波之中,那鱗次櫛比的離宮別殿又怎能不讓人頻頻地回首眺望不止呢?離宮,皇帝臨時住的行宮,此指南宋都城臨安(今杭州)的宮殿。南宋偏安江左,故稱臨安為行都,臨安之宮殿為離宮 。三十六離宮,言宮殿之多。以上敘事,寫作者獨遊西湖,即景生情,引起對友人的深切思念。
下片拓展思路,緊接西湖景物,以婉媚密麗之筆,寫他人之樂 ,進行反襯。 “猶有”緊承上片,詞意粘連相續。青樓,歌妓的住處。古代顯貴之家亦稱青樓,梁劉邈《萬山見采桑人》詩 :“倡女不勝愁,結束下青樓” ,後專指妓院 。翠翹,翡翠鳥尾上的長毛曰“翹”,美人把它當作首飾來裝飾,故曰翠翹。宮黃,古代宮女用來塗額的黃粉,民間婦女亦多效之,又稱額黃,是唐宋時一種很時髦的化妝。詞人駕一葉扁舟,於落花繽紛中從水上縹緲而過,閃現在眼前的,是那精美的畫船上,美女舉袖障面;兩岸的歌館裡,佳人持扇佇立。她們面容上塗著時興的宮黃,時髦華麗的頭飾閃爍著光彩。這些美女歌娃爭艷比美,嬉遊如故。而自己呢?友人已經遠去 ,無人可與共賞良辰佳景,彷彿歡樂只是屬於他人!難說處設以比較、對照,在這種曲折中詞人心情的惆悵在華美快樂的背景下更顯悵惆無狀,意醇而味永。如今,充溢著詞人整個心靈的,只有解脫不盡的無限的春愁,而這傷春的意緒猶如酒一般的濃烈,在詞人心懷中蕩漾起伏。要把它譜入絲弦自己聆聽欣賞吧,可又有誰能夠理解這傷春懷友的情思呢?更顯示出兩人友情的真摯與相知。據詞序中所言,俞灝風度儒雅,善音樂,常常有山林隱居之想,堪稱江湖文人白石的知音 。 “今予離憂,商卿一行作吏,殆無復此樂矣。”語極沉痛。 “一行作吏”,即“一經作吏”,指俞灝出仕做了小官 。嵇康《與山巨源絕交書》:“遊山澤,觀魚鳥,心甚樂之。一行作吏,此事便廢 。”姜夔語意本此。因而,此詞煞拍幾句所表達的感情,就不僅是一般的懷友之情,它實在是說,知音已入仕途,相伴共享山林、琴曲之樂恐不可複得,似乎也表露出詞人對友人及至世界的失望。
陳郁《藏一話腴》謂白石“襟懷灑落,如晉、宋間人。意到語工,不期於高遠而自高遠。”於此可見。本篇詞緊緊扣住西湖景物,即地興感,借落花烘染,用青樓反襯,然後歸結到“吳絲自奏”,同上文“湖上攜手”在照應中進行對比,尾句以“問誰識”提醒全篇,餘韻悠然。在思路上,上片觸景生思興發離愁,再折轉到當今;下片由旁寫轉入正寫,由外景收束到內在心靈。全詞幾經轉折,逐步遞進地寫出了對友人的真摯懷念,姜白石一生性情孤高,未嘗仕宦,襟期灑官,“似晉宋人”,此詞就借對友人的思念以自己的襟懷,意境深遠於抑鬱中隱隱透露出詞人那清超瀟散的情懷。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
文章來源: http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2013-01/24/nw.D110000gmrb_20130124_7-12.htm

《角招》:懷想友人的春心如酒
溫天語 《 光明日報 》( 2013年01月24日 12 版)
  【角招】



  為春瘦,何堪更、繞西湖盡是垂柳。自看煙外岫,記得與君,湖上攜手。君歸未久,早亂落香紅千畝。一葉凌波縹緲,過三十六離宮,遣遊人回首。猶有,畫船障袖,青樓倚扇,相映人爭秀。翠翹光欲溜,愛著宮黃,而今時候。傷春似舊,盪一點、春心如酒。寫入吳絲自奏。問誰識、曲中心,花前友。



  我有時會將白石的戀情詞與他寫給友人的詞作相混淆。

像這首《角招》雖小序寫到“商卿”,但未看小序之時,詞中“自看煙外岫,記得與君,湖上攜手。君歸未久,早亂落、香紅千畝”的句子,讓我第一個想到的是曾共同遊湖的情人,然而這兩句卻開闊明確,沒有別的戀情詞中大量用典、語焉不詳、百轉千迴的特點,於是才恍然,原來是寫給朋友的思念之詞。

  姜夔的詞有個特點,總是一闋較按套路,另一闕卻橫空出世。 “傷春似舊,盪一點,春心如酒”,這一句太驚心動魄了。我很少看到以酒喻心的詞句,這里奇峰突起,“盪一點”又以小處著筆,雖只是一點但如酒的心還是複雜而難以捉摸。我想這種心情大概白石自己也無法清晰地解釋,因此“寫入吳絲”,希望能藉他最擅長的音樂表達,然而一旦如此做了又會惆悵於“問誰識,曲中心,花前友”,無論是做什麼都會觸動思念朋友的愁思,這就是一顆音樂家的、如酒一般的心才會如此醇厚啊!

  姜夔一生最重視的感情,要推友情。其中最突出的,是和張鎡(平甫)的知遇之情。

  姜夔之所以能夠生存,可說是全靠他的朋友。在《姜堯章自敘》中,他寫道:“嗟乎!四海之內,知己者不為少,而未有能振之於窶困無聊之地者。舊所依倚,惟張兄平甫,其人甚賢。十年相處,情甚骨肉。而某亦竭誠盡力,憂樂同念。平甫念其困躓場屋,至於輸資以拜爵,某辭謝不願,又欲割錫山之膏腴以養其山林無用之身。惜乎平甫下世,今惘惘然若有所失。人生百年有幾,賓主如某與平甫者復有幾?撫世感慨,不能為懷。”他先結識蕭德藻,後經蕭德藻結識楊萬里,又經楊萬里而認識了范成大。張鎡、張鑑是大將張俊的孫子,因此家產頗豐,常常接濟朋友,所接濟的友人中最著名的就是姜夔。

  白石自敘中自己也提到“賓主如某與平甫者復有幾”,對於姜夔來說,四處尋找能夠款待自己的主人實在是無奈。但窘迫如此,我也並沒有在他的詞中看出強烈的出仕願望,偶爾有一些豪壯詞語也往往是激勵他人(如《石湖仙》),或次韻友人(如《永遇樂·次稼軒北固亭詞韻》),並未表現出他對於穩定官職的嚮往,但同時他又痛苦於飄零亂落的生活,這也是他一生的矛盾所在。

  白石經常直接描述飄零給自己帶來的鬱悶與惆悵。如《探春慢》:“誰念飄零久,漫贏得、幽懷難寫。”《玲瓏四犯》:“文章信美知何用,漫贏得、天涯羈旅。”《徴招》:“客途今倦矣,漫贏得、一襟詩思。”三句都用一模一樣的“漫贏得”,贏得的有“幽懷難寫”、“天涯羈旅”、“一襟詩思”。

或許這樣的漂泊也助長了姜夔思想的自由,他在《長亭怨慢》的小序中寫道:“予頗喜自製曲,初率意為長短句,然後協以律,故前後闋多不同。”不願意被既定格式束縛,喜歡“率意為長短句”,應該也是他如此熱愛自度曲的原因之一。姜夔如果沒有了“天涯羈旅”,其實也不能算是姜夔了,因為他沒有了難寫的幽懷,沒有了滿腔的詩思,或許只能是一個小小官吏直至去世。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My inspiration was from this youtube video:




 請點擊聽我彈的古琴